Object Oriented Programming
Introduction
Object oriented programming is a programming concept that uses objects and data structures to develop computer application. It is used to develop computer programs. Object oriented programming uses data structure made up of data fields and methods. The programmers should ensure data fields and methods interact well. Object oriented programming has become common in programming and development of application. Most programmers prefer using object oriented programming when writing applications and programs. There are different programming techniques used in object oriented programming. Examples include data abstraction, inheritance and encapsulation. Other techniques include polymorphism etc. Many programming languages used today support object oriented programming. In object oriented programming the programmer is allowed to define the data types in a data structure and the operations or functions used when programming. Data structures become objects in object oriented programming and they support data and functions that are defined. Examples of object oriented programming languages are java++ and small talk.
How object oriented programming has changed programming
Object oriented programming has been used for over four decades. Most people did not know the importance of object oriented programming in writing application and programs. They used procedural languages to write programs. The growth of business and technology has accelerated the development of object oriented programming. Most people use object oriented programming in the modern society. Object oriented programming has changed programming as it has more benefits that traditional method (Farell, 2008)[1]. First, object oriented programming has improved the programming technique. Traditional programming affects programs developed in different ways. For example, it makes it difficulty for programmers to modify codes and functions. Functions in traditional programming are written sequentially and this makes it difficulty to change the code. Any changes made to the code affect other codes in the program. This result to more errors and the programmer takes more time than needed to write a program or modify it. In addition, traditional programming has another disadvantage. It does not allow the programmer to use a function several times without changing it. The programmer has to cut and paste the functions so as to use. This affects existing codes (Farell, 2008)[2].
In traditional programming, codes and data are kept separately. This makes it difficulty for codes and data to interact. Multiple codes are required to access and modify multiple data. If changes are made to the codes and data, they affect the whole system. This makes it difficulty to modify codes or add news codes to the system. Object oriented programming has helped programmers’ overcome problems associated with traditional programming and procedural programming. (Farell, 2008)[3].In object oriented programming, codes and data are merged together into an object. Object oriented programming allows programmers to use objects to define the codes and data used. An object in object oriented programming is said to be an abstraction of real things from the world. For example, in object oriented programming one can develop date as an object. The object in object oriented programming holds all the information and functions for the real world thing modeled (Farell, 2008)[4]. Information about the real thing is stored in a single place in the system. This is in contrast to procedural programming and traditional programming. The information about an object in object oriented programming is hidden from the rest of the system. Thus, object oriented programming allows data encapsulation unlike procedural programming. Object oriented programming allows programmers to create interfaces to manage communication between multiple objects. This makes it easy for objects to communicate without interrupting the system or any other code (Farell, 2008)[5].
Object oriented programming has made programming flexible and simple. This is because of the programming techniques supported by object oriented programming. Various techniques are used when programming. Examples include polymorphism, inheritance, and class and instance (Cardelli, 2003)[6]. The techniques make it easy for programmers to modify codes in a given application or program. Codes modified do not interfere with other codes in the system as the codes are independent and only relate through inheritance or polymorphism. Modifying a code in object oriented programming does not affect the functionality of the system. For example, java programming language supports inheritance and polymorphism. Most programmers use java programming language as it is easy to modify the codes. Objects created using object oriented language can be modified easily and added to existing system. This helps reduce maintenance cost and also programming cost and time (Cardelli, 2003).[7]Moreover, object oriented programming language has improved programming as it gives programmers a chance to model real world things. This is in contrast to procedural programming. Programmers are able to create business applications and programs using objects, classes, inheritance and polymorphism. For example, object oriented programming is used to create client server applications used in many organizations. Procedural programming can not be used to modify real world things. Object oriented programming allows programs to create flexible interactions between the objects (Cardelli, 2003)[8].
Also, object oriented programming has made it easy for outsiders to maintain and enhance the system as it easy to understand. It is easy for beginners and any other person to understand the language and use it without strain (Cardelli, 2003)[9].Object oriented programming has improved development time as objects used in programming are standard across systems. This has made it easy for programmers to develop multiple systems using the same objects. Hence, object oriented programming supports software reusability. This is because objects can be shared and reused in different platforms. Also, object oriented programming allows programmers to develop applications or programs using interactive method. This allows software developers to prototype the programs or application .The software developers are able to test and correct the applications and programs (Cardelli, 2003)[10].Another advantage of object oriented programming is that programmers are able to decompose complex systems into simpler components and allow the programmer to prototype the system .Object oriented programming has simplified the implementation of applications and programs. Programmers are able to debug objects independently and they do not need to test the system much. Lastly, object oriented programming has made it easy for programmers to meet the changing requirements of different people (Cardelli, 2003)[11].
Conclusion
Object oriented programming has changed various aspects of programming. It has made it easy for programmers to modify codes and data as they are created using objects. It has also made it easy for programmers to reuse codes and model real world things. This is in contrast to traditional programming and procedural programming. Object oriented programming has improved implementation of software’s, maintenance and development time. It allows programmers to decompose systems into small tasks and model them. Lastly, object oriented programming has made programming flexible and simple as it has various techniques that are used in programming. That is inheritance, classes, objects and polymorphism.
Reference
Cardelli, L. (2003).ECOOP 2003–Object-oriented programming: 17th European conference, Darmstadt, Germany, July 21-25, 2003: proceedings. Springer
http://books.google.co.ke/books?id=wI5mRgmIkBgC&pg=PA178&dq=How+has+Object-Oriented+Programming+changed+programming&hl=en&ei=nYYYTNHnDNrI_gbwwayFDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=How%20has%20Object-Oriented%20Programming%20changed%20programming&f=false
Farell, J. (2008).Object-Oriented Programming Using C++. Cengage Learning
http://books.google.co.ke/books?id=akzWMS9_PYoC&pg=PA12&dq=How+has+Object-Oriented+Programming+changed+programming&hl=en&ei=nYYYTNHnDNrI_gbwwayFDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CEAQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q&f=false
[1] Farell, J. (2008).Object-Oriented Programming Using C++. Cengage Learning
[2] Farell, J. (2008).Object-Oriented Programming Using C++. Cengage Learning
[3] Farell, J. (2008).Object-Oriented Programming Using C++. Cengage Learning
[4] Farell, J. (2008).Object-Oriented Programming Using C++. Cengage Learning
[5] Farell, J. (2008).Object-Oriented Programming Using C++. Cengage Learning
[6] Cardelli, L. (2003).ECOOP 2003–Object-oriented programming: 17th European conference, Darmstadt, Germany, July 21-25, 2003: proceedings. Springer
[7] Cardelli, L. (2003).ECOOP 2003–Object-oriented programming: 17th European conference, Darmstadt, Germany, July 21-25, 2003: proceedings. Springer
[8] Cardelli, L. (2003).ECOOP 2003–Object-oriented programming: 17th European conference, Darmstadt, Germany, July 21-25, 2003: proceedings. Springer
[9] Cardelli, L. (2003).ECOOP 2003–Object-oriented programming: 17th European conference, Darmstadt, Germany, July 21-25, 2003: proceedings. Springer
[10] Cardelli, L. (2003).ECOOP 2003–Object-oriented programming: 17th European conference, Darmstadt, Germany, July 21-25, 2003: proceedings. Springer
[11] Cardelli, L. (2003).ECOOP 2003–Object-oriented programming: 17th European conference, Darmstadt, Germany, July 21-25, 2003: proceedings. Springer
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