The Role of the Office of Budget and Management
The office of budget and management has the largest component as management of resources which is organized along the functional lines reflecting the federal government of the U.S. The different offices examine programs that are to be carried out in the programs. The examiners of the programs can be assigned for monitoring a single or more agencies of the of the federal government and may be assigned a topical area which include monitoring of issues in relation to the Navy warships of the U.S.
The staff gives advice to issues relating to the programs they supervise and in every year they review the budget of the federal agency and assist in deciding what resource request will be sent to the congress as part of the budget of the president. They also perform thorough evaluation of programs using the assessment rating tool for the program, they then give a review to the regulations that are proposed, the agency testimony, analyze the legislation that is pending and oversee the management agenda like the agency management scorecard aspects of the president.
They provide essential to the ones assigned to the offices of the state within the office of management and the budget which include the office of he information and regulatory affairs, the office of federal procurement policy, the office of financial management and the office of e-government and information technology which specializes in issues like federal regulations or procurement policy law.
There is also budget review division which is tasked to with performs the budget coordination in the government and is responsible for the technical aspects relating to the release of budget of the president each Tuesday. It estimates the spending of the executive branch of the government. There is a legislative reference division which is the fundamental clearing house across the federal government for the legislation which is proposed or any testimony by the officials of the federal government. They are responsible for writing of enrolled bill memorandum to the president once the bodies of the congress present it for the present to apprehend his signature.
National Security Council
The National Security Council was put in place by the National Security Act of 1947 and was amended by the National Security Act Amendment of 1949. And later in the same year of 1949 it was placed in the executive office of the president as part of the reorganization plan.
It is chaired by the president with regular attendees been both statutory and non-statutory. They include the vice-president, the secretary to the state, treasury secretary, defense secretary and the assistant to the president for affairs of the national security. The chairman of the joint chief of staff who acts as the advisor to the state military on the council; National Intelligence advises on the national intelligence. The chief of staff to the president, the president council and the president assistant on policy for the economics are also invitees to the National Security Council.
Pertaining to their responsibilities the Attorney General and Management and Budget are also invited to attend the National Security Council meetings. Other executive department and agency heads as well as other senior officials are also invited to attend National Security Council meetings when necessary.
The National Security Council was created to be as the principle forum by the president for consideration of national security and foreign policy matters with the senior national security advisors and the officials of the cabinet. The main function of the council is to advise the president and assist him on policies relating to national security and the foreign agenda. The Security Council also acts as the principal arm of the president for the coordination of the above policies between different arms of the government.
Role of a cabinet member as a department manager
All cabinet members have areas of responsibility, which are delegated leader for which they are the representatives and spokesmen to the council. In regard to their areas of management they have varied functions. They act as the spokesperson and advocate to the council. They present the ideas which have been arrived at in the council.
They lead the development of policy of the council and make o recommendations to the cabinet and make of some executive decisions individually and make recommendations to the cabinet individually when necessary especially in the formulation of the policies. Provide guidance to the cabinet on the priorities to be given in the budget and also provision of guidance on the running of related activities.
Cabinet members monitor the how their departments perform and make sure that policies are delivered. In case there is need to be an improvement of services in relation to their councils they take care of that. They also make decision of the activities for their deputy cabinet members if they are allocated.
They appear before concerned authorities and respond to reports of overview and scrutiny of the same. They act as representatives at both national and local levels. Members work constructively and openly with backbench, opposition members and officers to make sure that the overview and scrutiny process is working as it should be working. They contribute to debates and making of decisions as part of the entire cabinet.
Overview of the 25th Amendment
The 25th Amendment to the constitution of the United States deals with the presidency succession and establishes procedures both for the filling a vacancy in the vice president’s office as well as responding to the disabilities of the president. This 25thAmendment was adopted on 23 February 1967.
Effects of the 25th Amendment
Section 1: Succession of the president
It codified the precedent of Tyler in regard to removal of the president, death of the president and resignation. In any of the above situations the Vice President becomes President immediately.
Section 2: Vacancy of the Vice President
Until its adoption there were not provisions for the vacancy of the Vice President. They used to remain vacant due to incidents of death, resignation or presidential succession and the vacancy could last for some time.
When there is vacancy in the Vice President’s office, the president is obligated to nominate a successor whom will become the Vice President if confirmed by a majority vote of the two Congress houses.
Section 3: Declaration by the President
This section provides that when the president transmits a written declaration to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the House of Representatives speaker, stating that he is not able to discharge the presidential duties and powers and until the president sends another written declaration to the officers mentioned declaring himself to be in a position to resume to discharge the duties and powers, the vice president serves as the President in an acting capacity.
Section 4: Vice presidential cabinet declaration
This section allows the Vice President together with a majority of either the executive departments’ principal officers like the cabinet or other bodies like the congress may by adherence to the law declare the President disabled by submission of a written declaration to the president pro tempore and the speaker of the House of Representatives. As in section 3, the vice president will become the acting president.
Section 4 is meant to be invoked if the incapacitation of the president hinders him from the discharge of the duties of his office and provision of a written declaration to that effect.
Civil Service Reform Act of 1978
The Civil Reform Act of the 1978 abolished the Civil Service Commission of U.S. and distributed its function primarily among three agencies which included the newly established Office of Personnel Management, the Merit Systems Protection Board and the Federal Labor Relations Authority.
Under the provision of the Act depending on the rank in the person the heads of the agencies can move career senior executives into any position for which they have qualifications. The act provided for the abolishing of the United States Civil Service Commission and the creation of U.S. office of Personnel Management, Federal Labor Relations Authority and the U.S. Merit Systems protection Board. This act was an effort for replacement of officials who were not competent and to put more order in the civil service for the best provision of services.
Reference
Pfiffner, J.P. (2010). The modern presidency (6th Edition) USA: Wadsworth Publishing
Warshaw, S.A. (2005). The keys to power: Managing the presidency (2nd Edition). USA: Longman publishers
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