Article Analysis
Research question
Do leaders exaggerate the importance of their group’s goals more so than non-leaders and do they use these beliefs to justify deviating from generally accepted moral requirements when doing this is necessary for achieving goals?
Hypotheses
Null hypothesis (H0): Leaders do not exaggerate the importance of their group’s goals more so than non-leaders
Alternative hypothesis (H1): Leaders exaggerate the importance of their group’s goals more so than non-leaders
Methods and study design
The thought in the research question was tested by use of three studies; the data was collected amongst the leaders in a group together with the non-leaders. The sample was selected through random sampling. Then it was evaluated how they exaggerate the importance of their group’s goals. The variables in the research were the leaders’ exaggeration of the importance of the group’s goals. The other variable was the using non-leaders exaggeration of the group goals.
Data Analysis
ANOVA was used to analyze the data. The ANOVA tests established that the participants showed that they would be more justified than others in engaging in unethical behaviors in order to attain their groups’ goals. The leaders reported to be more justified in these deviations than non-leaders; and the more highly leaders evaluated their group goals; the greater the justification bias they reported.
Critique
The research used factorial ANOVA test which was appropriate for the test due to the nature of the data available. The Factorial analysis was used specifically because it is a very flexible statistical technique that allows someone to analyze the effects of more than one independent variable and in this case there are leaders and non-leaders who are both independent variables. The data did not have any biasness as it was randomly selected; Normality was assumed; the results indicate that leaders are more justified than non-leaders in engagement in unethical behaviors.
Summary
The participants indicated that they would be more justified than others in engaging in unethical behaviors so as to attain their group goals; normally leaders showed been more justified in these deviations than the non-leaders.
Reference
Hoyt, C. L., Price, T. L., & Emrick, A. E. (2010). Leadership and the more-important-than- average effect: Overestimation of group goals and the justification of unethical behavior. Leadership, 6, 391-407
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