On a Global Scale, Women Face Glass Ceiling Inequalities in Regards to Leadership, Education, and Professionalism
On a Global Scale, Women Face Glass Ceiling Inequalities in Regards to Leadership, Education, and Professionalism
Wald, E. (2010). The changing professional landscape of large law firms, glass ceilings and dead ends: professional ideologies, gender stereotypes and the future of women lawyers at large law firms. Fordham law review. Vol. (78):5:2245-2288.
The article discusses the shift of competition and equality in the law profession. The author uses the term competitive meritocracy and how women since 1970’s managed to make their presence felt in large law firms. The author, however, points out that even with the entrance into law profession women have continued to feel the glass ceiling effect. The author points out four main factors that have led to persistent glass effect. The first is gender stereotyping, discriminatory mentoring processes, conservative workplace structures and ingrained instance of sexual harassments. The article also looks at ideological transformation in the law profession and its effects on women in terms of creation of the glass ceiling and inhibiting the road to gender inequality. The author points “rigid work conditions compound the glass ceiling effect” (2256). The author states this with regards to the multiple stereotypical assumptions that female lawyers face in their effort to develop in their careers. This article is appropriate for discussing the thesis statement as it reviews the struggles that women endure in an effort to grow professionally.
Poffenberger, C. (2001). A double standard: women leaders in public relations and corporate communications. University of Georgia: p1-89.
The article focuses on the feminization of public relations profession and its effects with regards to the status of the profession, gender inequality and organizational roles. The article also reviews the aspect of diversity and glass ceiling phenomenon. The author conducts a qualitative study to determine the impact glass ceiling on progress of females in the public relations and corporate communication career. The author begins his study by reviewing various literatures on the glass ceiling effects at workplace. The author looks at the aspect of gender roles and stereotypes in the society. The author states “gender is a social construct…we learn gender through interaction with society” (2). The author also looks at the glass ceiling factor and states that it has hindered the women’s ability to make their presence in white collar prestigious jobs. He also indicates that it has hindered their mobility in the occupational tier. The article is detailed and well informed. The findings of the study reveal that the invisible glass ceiling exists in organizations. The presence of the glass ceiling effect hampers career development among women. The findings are supported by literature from other previous researches thus making the article reliable.
Toor, S. & Ofori, G. (2011). Women leaders breaking the glass ceiling in Singapore construction industry. Journal of professional issues in engineering education and practice. Vol. 137(1):1-6.
The article discusses the perception that leadership is a masculine enterprise. This assumption has limited the women’s’ opportunity for professional growth and clinching leadership positions. The article reviews different studies, which indicate that women are disproportionally represented in leadership positions compared to the men, more men than women continue to hold positions that empower them to make decisions and have authority within an organizational set up. The article reverts back to its main emphasis: representation of women in the construction sector. The author point out that women are the poorest represented amongst leaders in the construction industry. The article is quite informative as it reviews the problems that women in Singapore construction industry face in career development. The article also highlights problems that women faces on their way up executive positions. The author discusses factors such as the glass ceiling effects and stereotypical of male dominance in the construction industry.
Isaac, C. & Carnes, M. (2012). Deconstructing the glass ceiling. Journal of sociology mind. Vol. 2(1); 80-86.
The article begins by affirming that women indeed face a lot of challenges when they attempt to thrive in male dominated careers. The authors review the glass ceiling effect from a perspective of six significant barriers. The barriers include agent-reactive opposition, parenthood & self selection, Stereotypic threat, success and competence, agentic equal success and equality equals success. The authors also point out the effects of societal construction to the development of women into leadership positions. The society looks at men and women on the basis on the traits and characteristics that the society places on them. Isaac, & Carnes, (2012) state “stereotypical male genders agentic traits are more highly valued in our society than stereotypical female-gendered communal traits” (83). The author points out that the key to women reaching their career targets is adopting the assertive characteristics that are in the masculine dimension. This guarantees that women deconstruct the glass ceiling and attain the peak of their profession as leaders. The article looks at advancement of women in professionals and leadership positions from a psychological perspective. Aspects such as self confidence when faced with a masculine sex-typed job are vital in deconstructing the glass ceiling.
References
Cotter, D. & Vanneman, R. (2001). The glass ceiling effect. Social forces. Vol. 80(2); 655-682.
Haslam, A. & Ryan, M. (2008). The road to the glass cliff. The leadership quarterly Vol.19; 530-546.
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