Globalization And The Public Sector
Globalization And The Public Sector
Leaders of major industrialized nations, such as Germany and UK, may collaborate in order to establish multinational organization with the aim of controlling global issues (Keohane & Nye). These organizations may corporation in order to establish the multination bodies and then, cede some degree of power to these bodies. The United Nation Security Council, G8 alliance, Word Bank, IMF and the international criminal court are examples of multinational organizations that have been established in order to control certain global issues. The executives of these organizations are given a lot of powers to make rules and influence global issues.
Leaders in major industrialized nation may also collaborate with the private sector and other organization in order to set standard and rules (Keohane & Nye). Leaders of major industrialized nations are likely to sponsor private and non-governmental organization in order to propel their issues and agenda in the global arena. The private organizations have the ability of establishing operations in foreign jurisdictions without raising much opposition, as opposed to when governments try to influence issues directly. Japan International Corporation Agency, UKaid, and USaid, are examples of partnership between governments and private organizations.
$1b. Leaders from small industrialized countries are likely to push for bilateral and minilateral agreements with states of similar economic status (Keohane & Nye). This move is motivated by the need to enhance the capacity of these nations to deal with the challenges of globalization. Today, numerous tax treaties are being formed among small industrialized nations. The EU is an excellent example of this form of collaboration.
Leaders of small industrialized nations may also pursue seclusion and protectionist policies in order to avert the negative impact of globalization (Keohane & Nye). Globalization is threatening to destroy welfare institutions that are the foundation of small industrialized nations. These nations may resort to the implementation of protectionist policies in order to avoid these impacts. Call for countries to revert to their original currencies in order to avoid the Euro crisis is an example of a protectionist move.
$1c. Leaders of large industrializing nations such as India and China are likely to push for significant involvement in global issues (Keohane & Nye). Globalization has led to creations of intergovernmental organs such as United Nation Security Council. Such organs influence issues in the international sphere. Leaders of emerging developed nations are likely to push for inclusion into the activities of such organs.
Leaders from large industrializing nations such as India and China may seek to alter existing system within the global environment in order to foster further economic development (Groot & Budding, 2007). The emerging economies have ventured into a global environmental that is largely dominated by western principles and philosophies. Entrenchment of western values into the global system is making it difficult for emerging economy to expand their operations. Thus, leaders of these economies are likely to alter some of these principles. China’s philosophy of non-interference with other countries internal affair is an excellent example of an attempt to change the global system.
$1d. Leaders of developing nations are likely to fight the forces of globalization in order to avoid amalgamation and destruction of local institutions (Keohane & Nye). Globalization allows openness of a particular society to external forces and thus, underdeveloped nations may fear being dominated by external forces. Sometimes these forces threaten to enhance inequality between the rich and developing nations. Globalization also threatens to destroy state power. Thus, leaders from developing nations may respond by developing protectionism policies.
Leader in developing countries may also respond to globalization by strengthen institutions in order to minimize negative impacts and optimize positive impacts (Keohane & Nye). Countries such as Singapore and Malaysia have responded to globalization by forming institutions that have enabled them to respond positively to changes. Forming regional alliances and other forms of unification with nations of similar economic status are also example of ways of strengthening institutions (Groot & Budding, 2007). As already mentions, globalization threats to expose developing nations to great control and domination by outside forces. Thus, underdeveloped nations are likely to come together in order to increase their burgeoning power over these global forces. Recent attempts by African government to create an African Union support this argument.
References
Groot T. & Budding t. (2007). New Public Management’s Current Issues and Future Prospects. October 25. 2012. http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/apcity/unpan047454.pdf
Keohane R. & Nye J. Governance in a Globalizing World. October 25, 2010. http://www.pols.boun.edu.tr/uploads%5Cfiles%5C1095.pdf
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