Journal
Lesson 1 journal entry 1
Beowulf is a story written by beers and Odell in the book elements for literature (sixth course). The story talks about Beowulf who has to fight evil creatures in the story like dragons. Beowulf contains the characteristics of an epic and heroic poem. Beowulf is considered to be an epic as it talks about adventures of a hero. Beowulf is considered to be a hero in the poem because of his action. Beowulf’s courage and strength are unparallel and he is considered to be humble, and honorable unlike other warriors around him. Beowulf in the poem is able to face difficulties like he fights sea monsters, and Grendel mother. He also fights a dragon. Mother Theresa is a contemporary hero. This is because she fought to prevent oppression for the poor, and the sick in the society. Mother Theresa fought the evil in the society like oppression for the poor and orphans. The main reason mother Theresa confronted the evil was to save peoples life. Mother Theresa always put the interest of other people before her interest as she considered other people important. In addition, mother Theresa is tried to protect the society. Mother Theresa represented various virtues. First mother Theresa was brave and strong. She struggled to help the poor and the oppressed in the society without fear. This made it easy for her to achieve her goal. Mother Theresa always placed the interest of others before her interest. This is shown by the various works she did. The characteristics above made it easy for mother Theresa to serve the society by helping the poor, and the orphaned. She carried out charity work to help the poor, and the orphaned. She also fought for the sick by establishing hospitals in different places. The characteristics make her a hero in the modern society like Beowulf. Thus, Mother Theresa is considered a hero by many people in the modern society and in history because of her good work. Most people in the society remember her because of the good work she did to the society (Beers, 2003).
esson 1 journal entry 2
There are various characteristics that make up an epic hero. The epic hero should have supernatural strengths or courage. In addition, the epic hero should risk his life so as to benefit other people, and should demonstrate bravery through his action. Lastly, the epic hero should be glorified by the people he saves. Beowulf shows the four characteristics. First Beowulf has supernatural strengths. For example, Beowulf stops in the sea to kill seven sea creatures. This is shown by his conversation with the Unferth. In the conversation Beowulf explains the reason he lost in the swimming match with Brecca. The main reason Beowulf lost in the swimming match is that he had been swimming for seven nights. In addition to swimming for seven nights, Beowulf stopped to kill the seven sea creatures. This shows how brave Beowulf is as he kills the seven creatures without asking for any assistance from any one. Another evidence that shows Beowulf has supernatural strength is the ability to kill the monster. The author of the book has portrayed Beowulf strong enough to kill the monster. Beowulf kills monster Grendel that has been frightening Danes. Beowulf uses his bare hands to rip the monster his arms. In addition to ripping the monster his arm, he uses a sword to slash the neck, and kills the monster. Beowulf kills the monster without asking for any assistance from any one. Moreover, Beowulf carries the monster from the sea easily. But, it takes four men to raise the monster, and carry it from the sea. The three evidences show Beowulf’s supernatural strength. Another characteristic of an epic hero is taking risks to benefit other people. Beowulf has demonstrated this character in the poem. In the poem Beowulf risks his own life to save Danes. Beowulf kills the monster that has been disturbing Danes without asking for any help. Beowulf knows that it is dangerous to kill the monster alone, but he risks his own life to save Danes. Another evidence from the text that shows Beowulf risks his own life to benefit his people is when he fights a dragoon. In the poem, Beowulf fights a horrible dragon. The dragon scares all the people in the society, but Beowulf does not fear risking his life. In the battle, Beowulf defeats the dragon and saves his people (Beers, 2003).The third characteristic of an epic hero is bravery. Beowulf has demonstrated bravery through his actions. For example, Beowulf fights with the monster bravely, and finally kills it. He does not fear being defeated by the monster, but he wants to kill the monster to save Danes. He rips the monster his skin bravely and slash his head. In addition, Beowulf shows bravely in his action by killing the seven creatures underneath the sea(Beers, 2003).Lastly, an epic hero should be glorified by the people he saves. In the poem, Beowulf is aware that people will glorify him after his death using his actions. For example, Beowulf knows that after fighting an enemy like Grendel will help him being remembered by his people as a loser or winner. This shows that the people glorify him using his action. Same applies to fighting the dragon. If he saves his people from the dragon, they will glorify him after his death (Beers, 2003).
Lesson 1 journal entry 3
Images are used in literature to help someone feel, and hear something. The author has used several images in the epic poem Beowulf. For example, the author has used images to describe Grendel. In the Beowulf, the author describes Grendel as “…living in darkness…” In the Beowulf, the author says Grendel lives in a hell on earth. He further states that Grendel was a successor of Cain. Grendel harasses people at night when it is dark. This means that Grendel is always at home at night more than he is in during day time. Another image is evidenced when the author describes Grendel as powerful and evil such that he manages to snatch almost 30 men at a time and smash them in their beds. The images the author has used to describe Grendel makes Grendel appear an evil figure. This is how the reader feels about Grendel. The images make the reader sympathize with Grendel (Beers, 2003).There are three ways that gardens depiction of Grendel in the story of Grendel differs from the epic description of Grendel. First, the gardener humanizes Grendel in the story while epic describes Grendel as a monster that is out to destroy the kingdom. In addition, in the gardener novel, Grendel is said to be more of a victim than the people of the kingdom. As a child Grendel tries to befriend the people, but they treat him cruelly because of his appearance. In the epic poem, Beowulf defeats Grendel by killing him, but in the gardener, Grendel sees the defeat as freedom. For example, Grendel is excited to face Beowulf, but not scared of being killed. In the battle Grendel cries of pain, but it is not true as his cries imply that he is happy (Beers, 2003).The main theme in the Gardner’s novel is free will. The novel assumes that if one does not poses free will he does not exist. In the epic poem the poem begins by Grendel being cursed. The epic states that Grendel was a cursed successor of Cain. So Grendel is being controlled in the epic. Later on in the epic the dragon gives him immorality from weapons. This takes away the right, and Grendel has to choose between life and death. Thus, the gardener and the epic portray and view Grendel differently. This is why he means differently in the two situations. In the epic Grendel is viewed as a monster and evil creature, but the gardener views him like a human being (Beers, 2003).
Lesson 1 journal entry 4
Kennings are mostly used in Anglo-Saxon literature as they help the author substitute the meaning of a word. The author of the epic poem Beowulf has used several types of kennings in his work. There are different types of kennings. That is hyphenated compounds, prepositional phrases and possessives kennings. An example of hyphenated kennings from the epic Beowulf is battle- sweat which means blood. This is evidenced in the story when Beowulf fights with Grendel mother, he mentions shedding much battle sweat. Another example of hyphenated compounded kennings from Beowulf is light -of- battle meaning a sword (Beers, 2003).The author has also used prepositional kennings in the story. Examples of prepositional kennings in Beowulf are chieftain or king breaker of rings. This refers to a leader breaking his golden ring, and using it to reward his followers (Beers, 2003).There are different types of Modern day kennings. That is gas guzzler meaning a vehicle that has poor gas mileage. Another modern day kenning is rug rat. This kenning is used to mean a naughty rat. Land line is another type of modern day kenning. The kenning is used to indicate a traditional telephone line. Eye candy is a kenning used to refer to a person who is visually appealing. Other kennings are Cancer stick meaning a cigarette and boob tube which is used to refer to a television. The modern day kennings are developed by combining two adverbs or words together (Beers, 2003).
Lesson1 journal entry 5 exercise 1.5A
An epic is a story or poem that describes an adventure of a hero. It also contains information about a given culture or national epic has nine characteristics. First, the epic should open in a Medias re. This means the epic poem should begin in the middle of affairs, but not at the beginning. The author can use flashback to bring events of the past into the story. Another characteristic of an epic poem is that an epic has a vast setting. The setting of an epic can cover many nations and the world. In addition, the epic can cover the universe. This element makes epic poems unique. Epic should begin with a tune to a muse. A muse are said to be the spirits that encourage the development of literature and arts. Moreover, the epic should start with a statement defining the main theme in the epic story or poem. This will make it easy for the reader to understand. Epics use epithets and have long lists. In addition, an epic always has long speeches that are made in a formal manner. They show divine intervention on human activities. Lastly an epic has a star that is considered to be the hero. The hero should have the values of civilization. Gilgamesh is considered a good example of epic poems written in the olden days (Beers, 2003).The epic of Gilgamesh is an epic poem from Mesopotamia. It is one of the earliest works in literature. The epic of Gilgamesh is a good example of an epic poem as it has al the qualities of the poem. The story of the epic poem revolves around two men in the story. That is Enkidu and Gilgamesh. First the poem has the presence of gods or spirits that inspire creation. In the epic poem gods have created Enkidu to distract Gilgamesh from oppressing the citizens of Uruk. The poem also talks about a nation as it talks about people of Uruk. In addition, the epic poem has a hero Gilgamesh and Utnapishti. The characters in the poem have to overcome obstacles on the way so as to achieve what they want. The obstacles are created by the gods and this is a characteristic of an epic poem. For example, in the epic poem, Gilgamesh and Enkidu have to kill the bull of heaven and defeat Humbaba so as to succeed in meeting the hero. Thus, the epic of Gilgamesh is a good example of an epic poem as it has the qualities of a good epic(Beers, 2003).
Lesson 1 journal entry 6.
The epic pf Gilgamesh meets all the requirements of an epic poem. For example, an epic poem talks about a nation or as hero and the epic of Gilgamesh talks about the people of Uruk. In addition, the poem has gods and goddess who create obstacles to punish the characters in the story. For example, the gods have created the bull of heaven to punish Gilgamesh for rejecting her advances. The gods have also created Enkidu who is a wild man is created to prevent Gilgamesh from opresing the people. The characters have to fight the obstacles so as to succeed like Gilgamesh has to kill the bull of heaven so as to meet Utnapishti (Beers, 2003).The epic begins by explaining how the gods created Enkidu and the evil creatures. The epic poem of Gilgamesh shows divine interventions on human activities. Gilgamesh fights the obstacles on the way to meet Utnapishti. He uses gods and other powers to fight the obstacles and at long last he brings back religion to his people. The main reason Gilgamesh is fighting the obstacles is to save his people. Gilgamesh is also worshiped by his people for building achievements in the society and bringing back the religion (Beers, 2003).Enkidu acts as a foil in the beginning of the epic poem. This is because Enkidu assists Gilgamesh to fight the obstacles on his way. Enkidu assists Gilgamesh to kill the bull heaven and Humbaba the monster of the cedar forest. The gods have created Enkidu as a foil to Gilgamesh to prevent him from oppressing the people. In the story Enkidu plays an important role as he motivates Gilgamesh to pursue the impossible quest in the rest of the story. Even after Enkidu dies in the story, Gilgamesh continues to fight obstacle so as to meet the hero, Utnapishti. This is because Enkidu motivated him at the beginning of the story. Gilgamesh appears restless and he thinks that he was made for greater things than just being a king for the city. The author has used Enkidu at the beginning of the story to reveal the characteristics of Gilgamesh. From the first interaction with Enkidu we learn that Gilgamesh is oppressive and likes mistreating the people in his city. In addition, Gilgamesh rapes women in the city and builds his own house by mistreating people in the city. This is the main treason the gods created Enkidu. Thus, Enkidu acts as a foil to build Gilgamesh who is the main character. Enkidu acts as a side kick in the rest of the story (Beers, 2003).Gilgamesh has several weakness compared to Enkidu. First, Gilgamesh is selfish as he likes oppressing his people in the city and raping women in the city for selfish gain. He does not consider the interest of the citizens, but he wants to be something better. Gilgamesh has several strengths in that he is courageous and fearless as he attacks the obstacles on the way with Enkidu. In addition, Gilgamesh is aggressive as he continues to look for means of meeting the hero even after Enkidu dies. Another difference between Gilgamesh and Enkidu is that Gilgamesh is civilized and he knows more about the society, but Enkidu grew up in the forest (Beers, 2003).
Lesson 1 journal entry 7
Honor is refers to evaluating a persons trustworthiness and social status based on his actions. Honor is used to determine the characteristics of a person. It is used to determine if a person is honesty, has respect and integrity. In addition, honor is used to determine if a person is fair to other people. For example, in the story Heroic Achilles, Hector and Achilles strive hard to fight for the king and friends as they see the action honorable to them. The action carried out by the two can be considered honorable as it determines their characteristics like being fair to other people. The two consider fighting for their own benefit when the friends are threatened dishonorable as the action does not consider other people. Thus, honor determines the characteristic a person has by judging his actions. Personal excellence is said to be giving and reaching the highest potential of your proficiency so as to obtain excellent results. It involves giving the best so as to achieve the best. For example, in the story Heroic Achilles, hector and Achilles work hard to achieve the best (Beers, 2003).Honor can make a society better because if all people honor themselves, and honor other people, then there will be more respect. In addition, people will be able to tolerate and not confront each other. This will make it easy for people in the society to coexist. Thus, honor is important as it builds the society. Honor can harm the society if it is not used well. This is mostly when people become proud, and they fail to consider the interest of other people. Homer defines honor as the evaluation of a person by his did. The person is considered honorable if he protects his friends (Beers, 2003).The society defines honor as the ability to evaluate a persons characteristics using his action. A society defines honor as the ability to evaluate a persons characteristics using his action. A society honors a person if he has done something good to the society. It considers his action towards the society and awards him (Beers, 2003).My definition of honor and today’s definition of honor are similar to homer arêtes definition honor as they both determine the characteristics of the person using his actions. From the evaluation, a person is said to be honesty and fair or not. My definition of honor and today’s definition of honor differ with homer definition of honor as homer definition considers the actions the warriors take to protect the society whether they are bad or good. But today’s definition of honor and my definition consider only the good acts and they are only honored. Homer’s definition considers good actions done to friends only and not the society (Beers, 2003).
Lesson 1 journal entry 8
The author ofHeroic Achilles has used fate in his work. Most characters in the story are surrounded by fate. For example, Achilles in the story was intended to be immortal. Achilles mother Thetis hoped that Zeus would be Achilles father. But Zeus knew the fate that any child he was to father was destined to overthrow him. The fate did not affect Zeus throne as she directed Achilles mother to Peleus so as to escape the danger. The fate had effect on Achilles as he was killed during the ten year Trojan War. This is after her mother immersed him in the flaming river of immortality. Another fate in the story is the fate surrounding Achilles. Achilles in the story was destined to have a short and glorious life or to have a long undefined life. Her mothers plan to raise him as a girl in the court does not prevent Achilles from having a successful life. The young mans life becomes successful while still young as he claims a warrior bow. Later on, Achilles dies in the war. After, Achilles death, Paris becomes the victim of fate and he is affected the fate (Beers, 2003).The author has also used hubris in his work. This is shown by most of his characters in the story. Examples of hubris in Greek literature are shown by Achilles, and how he treats hectors corpse in the story. In the story Achilles killed Hector to revenge. He killed Hector and striped his body and dragged it around behind his chariot. Most people were not pleased with the act, but he did not stop it because of his pride. The king had to come and kneel down before him to convince him to give up hectors body. After the act Achilles took time to examine the fact that it was prophesied that he would die after Hector (Beers, 2003).Another example of hubris in the story is evidenced when Achilles looses his war prize to Agamemnon. After he looses his prize to Agamemnon he returns to his ship and refuses to help win the war. This forces the army to come and beg him to help in wining the war. In the story Achilles is always guilt of his pride. After he disagrees with Agamemnon he changes his behavior and starts killing people and kills Hector at long last (Beers, 2003).Achilles is considered the hero in the story, but he has various character flaws that make him less heroic. In the story, Achilles has the characters of a hero like chiseled features and close connections with gods. In addition, Achilles fights bravely and he is considered most powerful of all men in the army. But, his characters make him less heroic. Achilles in the story is given a choice to fight and be remembered forever or to stay at home and live forever. Achilles chooses to go and fight because of his selfishness. He does not want to help his country, but wants to benefit himself. Achilles wants glory and honor as he wants to become a historical hero. In the war, Achilles fights more to benefit himself, but less to protect his people. Though he saved many people at long last, he made a good name for himself. Thus, Achilles is not a hero. Hector can be considered to be a hero as he does not make a good name for himself, but he fights to save his people until he dies. Achilles might not be honored because of his action. This is because Achilles fought in the war to benefit himself, but not the society. Hector can be honored because he did not fight to make for himself a name, but to save his people (Beers, 2003).The Iliad is a condemnation of the brutality of war. Though the characters in the epic are considered heroes, the war is not a celebration of war, but it is a condemnation of consequences of war. For example, in the beginning of the book, Achilles condemns Agamemnon his king as a war mongering mercenary. This shows that Achilles is tired of fighting a long war for no good reason. This shows that the war is not a celebration, but a condemnation for its effects on humanity. Another evidence is shown by Achilles decision to withdraw from the war. Achilles does not participate in the war as he considers his life important and prefers not to risk in a conflict that is not useful. Achilles involves himself in the war after his friend Patroclus is killed by Hector. Thus, the war is not a celebration, but a condemnation (Beers, 2003).
Lesson 1 journal entry 9
Arthur is considered a hero or great warrior for defending Britain from being attacked by human beings and supernatural enemies. Arthur’s actions are inline with the definition of honor. This is because most people honor Arthur for defending Britain against any attacks (Beers, 2003).He did not take the action for his person gain or to build his name, but he did so to protect the country. In the definition for honor a person is honored by evaluating his actions. The action should not be selfish, but they should benefit all the people in the society. Arthur’s actions and personality are similar to the definition of honor as they benefit the society, but not individual benefit (Beers, 2003).Loyal is an important virtue that many people do not have. Being loyal is important as it helps one speak truthfully to other people. In addition, being loyal requires one to be honest and to make rational decisions. Thus loyalty is important in being honorable. This is because it makes someone to think about other people and work hard to benefit them. It eliminates selfishness and greediness. In addition, loyalty helps one become fait in his deeds and to have integrity. These components make up the definition of honor. Without loyalty it is difficulty for someone to serve other people or the society at large. This is because he is not loyal to the people he serves. Moreover, loyalty helps someone win the attention of his followers. This makes it easy for the society to notice your actions and reward you accordingly (Beers, 2003).
Lesson 1 journal entry 10
Arthur is considered a hero or great warrior for defending Britain from being attacked by human beings and supernatural enemies. Arthur’s actions are inline with the definition of honor and they are aimed at benefiting the society. Most people always want to benefit themselves, but Arthur always aimed at benefiting the society and protecting the country (Beers, 2003).This is because most people honor Arthur for defending Britain against any attacks. In the definition for honor a person is honored by evaluating his actions and the action should not be selfish, but they should benefit all the people in the society. Arthur’s actions and personality are similar to the definition of honor as they benefit the society, but not individual benefit. So, Arthur actions are considered loyal and that is why he his honored by the society (Beers, 2003).
The passages come from journal 9
Lesson 1 journal entry 11
The author of the Canterbury Tales has used irony in the story to make the reader understand his characters. The characters are ironically described. For example, the characters prioress Madame is a character full of denial. Prioress is considered to be a nun, but she does not like her duties and considers herself a lady. Prioress speaks a bad language, and she dresses well. She brings animals to the pilgrimage and her behavior contrast with the behavior of a nun. Prioress has redefined her roles. She imitates the behavior of a lady in the royal court. In addition, prioress supplements her religious roles with a courtly love motto and she wears a brooch that has the label Love Conquers All. The description of prioress is ironic as she is supposed to be a nun and behave like a nun, but she behaves like a woman in the courtyard (Beers, 2003).Another character is Monk. The author has described Monk ironically. This is because Monk loved to ride horses and hunt. He does indoor activities like copying books. Monk eats well and dresses nice clothes. But monk likes outdoor life. He does not like the indoor life and the work he is required to carry out. In the real sense Monk is supposed to be working in the office and comfortable, but he is not. He feels he will be happy when he is outside the office. This is ironical because Monks work requires him to remain indoor. The author has described Monk as vividly as it is illustrated by the following example. The author says “his bridle jingles as loud and clear as a chapel bell”. The image the author has used to describe Monk is ironic in that Monk is supposed to be in the chapel, but he is not in the chapel. In addition, Monk has departed from the duties assigned and he prefers doing other activities. For example, Monk lives like a lord, but not a cleric. He prefers to go hunting and he does not obey the rules of his orders though he knows them (Beers, 2003).The last character is Fair. Fair is not good as he does not perform his duties. He is required to hear confessions, but he uses his position to beg for money. He believes that penance works well through money, but not prayers. Moreover, Fair likes getting girls into trouble and assisting them to marry them to other people. This is contrary to what he is supposed to do. When questioned why he neglects his role and misuses his position, fair insists that lepers and beggars can not help the church, but begging money can help. The narrator portrays fair as greedy. Fair insists that he has made many marriages. This means that he has found husbands for the young girls he has made pregnant. This is ironical because fair is supposed to assist the young girls to grow up well. But he misuses them and misleads them. He also misuses his position to benefit himself. This is not what a clergy should do (Beers, 2003).
Lesson 1 journal entry 12
Women have different reasons for getting married. For example, some women want fame from marriage while others want security and fortune. Women would like to be loved and have a sense of security in marriage. This will make them feel more important. Women feel comfortable when they have their own freedom and fame. This is because they do not like being oppressed by men in the society (Beers, 2003).
Lesson 1 journal entry 13
The wife of bath expresses different opinions in her tale. There are three main opinions expressed in the tale. The wife of bath expresses that women need dominance or power over men. The wife of bath argues that most men look at women as hags. But, women have independence of thoughts and they can make their own decisions. The wife of bath argues that men should stop looking women as hags and give them freedom to make their own decision. The wife of bath believes that women should be dominant over men. For example, knight the criminal rapist’s thinks of dominating women and this force him to mistreat them. He is almost sentenced by King Arthur, but the queen saves him. In return King Arthur gives the queen dominance over the punishment of knight. The queen makes it clear in the story that women want dominance and it later saves her(Beers, 2003).Another opinion made by the women of bath in the story is that women are seen by men as ugly and beneath them. Though a woman poses freedom and can make their own decisions, the men still undermine them. For example, the knight is forced to marry the hag and he refuses to be intimate with her because she is ugly and beneath him. The hag Profs to the knight that she needs to be independent and she can make her own decision (Beers, 2003).The third opinion made by the wife of bath in the tale is shown by the moral of her tale. When the hag is given dominance over the knight happiness and future, she becomes beautiful and faithful to him. This means men have to give women dominance so as to transform them to be beautiful and make them faithful. The wife of birth knows what she wants from a marriage and she does not want to be oppressed. In addition, she loves men who treat women well. This is because when she gets married and the man mistreats her she lives the man to look o another one-Woman thinks they want freedom, love and dominance of a life. Men think they want dominance out of life. The attitude towards women has changed a lot since Chaucer’s time. Men have started to value women and women started working. This is contrary to early days when men were dominant over women. Women started taking care of families as they had good jobs (Beers, 2003).
Lesson 1 journal entry 14
- antonym
- aggravate
- wasteful
- persuasion
- Clumsiness
- inferior disrespected
- reduce
- compliant
- frankness
Eminent is shown by the wife of bath as she establishes herself as powerful in marriage. She states how her previous marriages have been.
The knight disrespects a woman and rapes her. He rapes the woman in the wheat field.
The queen arbitrates to save the knight from being jailed.
Alisoun’s fourth husband always disturbed her and this aggravated her much.
Alisoun husband Jankyn always intimidates her and controlled her.
The knight persuades a old hag to tell him what women want most and the hag promises to tell him the answer if he grants to give her request at the time she wants.
The old woman is humble and resects the knight, but the knight behaves wild because he is not trained on how to handle women.
The knight deceives the old woman that he will do anything she requests, but he refuses to marry her after the queen asked him to marry her.
The wife bath says that women need freedom to make decisions and if they are given freedom they will be frank with their husbands.
The wife of bath is obstinate as she does not obey her husbands. She wants to control them.
The wife of bath is always complaining that women need to be given freedom to make their own decision and she leaves her marriages because she has no freedom.
The wife of bath argues that women will become more faithful to their husbands if they have freedom, but they will become less faithful if they have no freedom. Freedom increase the degree of faithfulness in marriage and lack of freedom decreases the degree of faithfulness in marriage.
The wife of bath insists that women are kind to men when they have freedom, but men hate women and disrespect them(Beers, 2003).
Etymology
The word ground was developed on mid 13c and it means surface of the earth
Ground means to fix firmly. It also refers to the solid surface of the earth.
The carpenter fixed the door firmly.
The child poured the water on the ground.
The word shade was developed in 1690 and it means shadow or grade colors.
Shade means a shelter that is used to prevent direct penetration of sunlight.
The mother put the bucket under the shade.
Shade also means the degree to which colors in an object are mixed with black.
The picture had different shades.
The word account originated from Middle English and from Anglo-Norman acunt which means account. It refers to reasons
Account refers to reasons given for a particular situation.
The lady accounted for the losses in the firm.
Account refers to a formal banking.
The employee deposited his money in his account.
The word draw was developed in 1200 and it means to make a line or figure using a paper and pencil.
Draw means to trace using a pen and a book
The teacher asked the students to draw a picture to explain how mountains are formed.
Draw means to remove or withdraw.
The employee withdrew his cash from the bank.
The word vain was developed in 1300c and it means worthless
Vain refers to being proud of ones appearance, achievements etc.
Angela is very vain about her appearance.
Vain also means worthless.
He tried in vain to work hard.
Lesson1 journal entry 15
Monsters are among us and they live within the field of our perception. The physical appearance of monsters changes according to the culture they live. The look of the monster will depend with the surrounding environment. Monsters behave in different ways. For example, monsters kill and disturb people in the society. Monsters have several characteristics that make them unique. Monsters are important in studying myths, and legends in fictions. Monsters are said to be creatures that represent anything on the world. They are mostly associated with dark corners of human nature. Monsters are important in fictional works as they challenge heroes in epic stories. There are several characteristics of monsters. First, all monsters are associated with evil spirits. This is because most people believe monsters are creature of dark side of human nature. Secondly, monsters are violent, and they like disturbing people in the society. In addition to being violent, monsters are scarily in appearance and this makes it easy for them to scare people in the society. Monsters have weird characters, and they behave in fun ways that make people to be scared. Most monsters are active during the night as they are associated with evil and the dark corner of human nature. Moreover, monsters are hairy and this makes them scare people in fictional work. Monsters have huge bodies with fun appearances like large jaws. Also, some monsters combine the characteristics of human beings and animals features. For example, the tengu monsters used in Japanese mythology are said to be mysterious and naughty creatures that are partly human and birds.
The human characteristics enable monsters to interact with human beings, and cause harm. The shape of monsters and the appearances change from time to time. For instance, in European culture monsters take the form of wolf and human beings, and they keep on changing their shape. Thus, the shape and appearance of the monster will depend on the culture of the society. Not all monsters are wild and hostile. Some of the monsters are friendly, and other times they are wild. Most monsters in myths prey on people in the society, and this force warriors to fight them so as to protect the society. Monsters are used in epic poems and myths to make the hero in the story achieve his objective. The term monster is mainly used for destructive creatures and hostile creatures that disturb people in the society (Beers, 2003).The giants in the Third Voyage of Sinbad the Sailor have similar characteristics to monsters discussed above. For example, the giants have human looks, and animal looks. The giant in the third voyage of Sinbad and sailor has a human look as it looks like a man and it is black. The appearance of the giant is horrible as described by the following quotation (Beers, 2003).“a huge creature in the likeness of a man, black of colour, … with eyes like coals of fire and eye-teeth like boar’s tusks and a vast big gape like the mouth of a well. Moreover, he had long loose lips like camels’, hanging down upon his breast and ears like two arms falling over his shoulder-blades and the nails of his hands were like the claws of a lion.” The giant attacks human beings as it attacked the master and other members(Beers, 2003).
Lesson 1 journal entry 16
The ballad of a bachelor written by Ellias parker butler .The author of the poem uses it to narrate the story of john henry king and his love for two women.The king loves two women who he loves most and he does not know who chose as his bride.The two wsomen are Marie and Kate. Both women are beautifujl and this made it dificuity for him to make the right choice.The king did not say whom he loved most so as to spare his life. He delayed for long without making any choice and finally he decided to use a dollar to make a choice (Beers, 2003).He decided to toss the dollar and if it the head came first he would marry Marie. If the tail came first he would Mary Kate. He went to shores to toss the dollar, but he did not succeed. The dollar stood straight, so he did not make any choice. This was the worst moment for the king. After the event, the king decided to stay a bachelor and die a bachelor (Beers, 2003).
Lesson 2 journal entry 1
The invention of printing press contributed a lot to the development of renaissance. The printing press helped people in Europe produce large amounts of books. It also led to production of other printed materials, and reduced the level of illiteracy in the society. This is because people were able to read wide range of materials unlike the period before the invention of printing press. As people continued to read books, and other materials the demand for producing more books increased. Invention of printing press led to development of mass communication which made it easy for materials to be distributed. People were able to transfer information from one border to another. The printing technology led to development of other technologies in the modern society (Beers, 2003).Today computer and internet technologies have grown rapidly. They have changed the society in different ways. They have reduced the level of illiteracy in the society and increased access to information. Growth in computer technology and internet technology has increased the demand for electronic services like printing (Beers, 2003).The printing press, internet and computer technology are different and similar in some way. The technologies are similar in that they increase the demand of literature material.
Printing press increases the demand for books, and other reading materials. The internet and computer technology increase the demand for printed materials, and non printed materials. The two technologies have reduced the level of illiteracy in the society. The printing press introduced books that reduced illiteracy in the society and the internet and computer technology have reduced the level of illiteracy in the society. The two technologies differ in that, the internet and computer technology will reduce the level of literacy in the society in terms of books. The printing press will not reduce the level of literacy. The internet technology might also affect the quality of literature material. This is because writers will not be able to produce original content like in traditional method. The content will be distorted when spell checking using the computer (Beers, 2003).Printing press enhanced the production of literature materials as people were able to produce books and other materials. It made literature available to all people. Computer and internet technology will increase the growth of literature. This is because people will be able to research on literature materials, and print using the latest technology. It will also increase access to literature material. The internet will play an important role in reducing the level of literacy in the society. This is because people will have easy access to information using internet technology. Internet technology allows people to browse for any material and use it to increase their knowledge. Internet technology will help people reduce the number of errors when writing documents. Internet technology will improve the quality of literature as people will be able to incorporate different concepts like diagrams into the text. This will make it easy to reduce the level of literacy in the society (Beers, 2003).
Lesson 2 journal entry 2
Carpe diem philosophy involves seeking happiness now because we do not know when we will dies. The carpe diem philosophy was invented by ancient Greek philosophers like Epicurus, and Roman poet Horace. Carpe diem is the shortest and popular motto in today’s society. The motto was common among the Greeks and Roman poet Horace. The carp Diem motto is equivalent to lifestyle in the modern society. Most people in the modern society want to have a better life style, and live each single day as if it is the last day. Horace always viewed his own freedom of thought as the most important thing in life. He lived his life by living a single day as if it was the last day. His lifestyle was always filled with fun. Horace always communicated confidently and always had a strong personal note. Horace life is similar to the life of Epicurus. Epicurus always wanted to live his own life. He wanted to live a comfortable and enjoyable life. He never wanted any trouble and always encouraged privacy. Epicurus believed that he was entitled to carefree life and enjoyable life. When using the carpe diem theme people should avoid making mistakes that will make them regret. They should not lived a single day as if it is the last day, but they should live with one day at a time.
Carpe diem theme is common in the modern society and people have this mentality. They liked living as single day and enjoying to the fullest. Most people in the modern society want to have best lifestyles (Beers, 2003).There are several examples of carpe diem philosophies in the modern society. For example, people in the modern society want to life full of pleasure. They want to have high paying jobs in the current society so as to have better lifestyles. In addition, people want to own everything so as to live a comfortable life. This is because people want to enjoy themselves like Epicurus as they do not know about tomorrow. They want a life style full of fun. Another example is banking. Most people like saving money in the accounts for future use. The money is useful when the parent die as children use it. Most parents have carpe diem mentality as they like saving money for their children as they do not know about tomorrow. The same principle applies to insurance companies. Most insurance companies encourage people to have insurance policies like life insurance policies. This is because they do not know what will happen tomorrow (Beers, 2003).
Lesson 2 journal entry 3
American literature has incorporated the style of romantic escape motif. This is mainly in romantic stories, and novels. The characters in the story, novel finally flee to other places. For example, in the book Farewell to arms by Ernest Hemingways, the main theme in the book is romantic escape motif. The hero, Henry Fredrick shows false romance of fleeing. Later on in the novel, he shows the real romance by falling in love with Barkely Catherine. Later on, Henry flees as he does not want to fulfill his dreams to Catherine. The motif of romantic escape is used in theSir Walter Raleigh´s poem (Beers, 2003).The concept of romantic escape motif has also been adopted in the media like movies, advertisements. For example, the movie legend of the fall which is directed by Brads Pitt and other producers has incorporated the romantic escape motif. For example, the three brothers in the movie have fallen in love with Susannah. Later on in the movie, Susannah and Brad escape. The romantic escape motif is used in television to advertise. For example, easy wedding advertisements on televisions are usually based on honeymoon booking and guiding and has incorporated the romantic escape themes (Beers, 2003).The Bait is a poem written by John Donne to show the limitations in Marlowe’s poem the passionate shepherd. The Bait is an imitation of the Marlowe’s poem the passionate shepherd, but it is expressed from the point of view of Donne. The poem is an imitation as it is structured the same way as Marlowe’s poem the passionate shepherd. It has aspects that show a darker and serious tone than the Marlowe’s tone. But, the tone is adopted Marlowe’s tone.
For example, at the end of the stanza the author has incorporated a proverb that talks about the happiness of being in love. But, it has unhappiness that is hidden in it. The first stanza in the Bait is similar to the first stanza in Marlowe’s poem. The stanza has similar imageries to Marlowe’s stanza, and it talks about fishing. The hook in the Bait has unpleasant connotation compared to Marlowe’s hook. The second stanza is an exaggeration. The author exaggerates the warmth. Marvel is more persuasive than Herrick as he uses the right language to persuade the lady. Herrick at first uses a persuasive language in the first stanza and in the third stanza he uses a different tone. Marvel uses an even tone to persuade the lady (Beers, 2003).The arguments presented by Herrick and Marvel in the poem are similar. This is because the authors advice the ladies to utilize the time they have well. The two authors incorporate Carp Diem philosophy. Herrick asks women to have fun while still young, and beautiful. This is because they are not going to remain young and beautiful. Marvel on other hand asks the lady to spent time with him and enjoy as they do not have a lot of time. The arguments are different in that Herrick is encouraging women not to fear being old, while Marvel wants to utilize the time he has. The difficulties presented in the Give Us This Day Our Daily Bread help one change the notion he has about life. The difficulties show that life is real and people should not misbehave as they try to have fun. They contradict with the idea presented in the four poems (Beers, 2003).
Lesson 2 journal entry 4
Shakespeare was born in 1564 in Stratford –upon-Avon to tanner and glove maker. In 1982 shake spares married his wife Anne Hathaway on 27 November at TempleGraft
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