Statistics for Health Care Research
Statistics for Health Care Research
$11. Interval/Ration level.
The researchers applied interval/ration level when analyzing their data because they wanted to calculate means (measure of central tendency) and standard deviations (measure of dispersion) in describing their study variables.
$12. The mean posttest empowerment score for the control group was; Mean = 97.12
$13. According to the experimental group, the depression posttest scored for the subject was lower as compared to the mean baseline. Depression posttest mean had a score of mean = 13.36 while the baseline score was mean = 14.00. This was a clear indication that the program was less depressed even after the empowerment program was completed. It was an expected finding simply because the hypothesis developed by researchers initially indicated that the empowerment program would develop benefits to ESRD patients. On the same, the program would result in a decrease situation in the depression scores. In contrary, the difference in the above two was 0.64 something that was less than what might have been expected.
$14. Posttest depression scores and the mean baseline of the control group was the same. The two had identical scores of 10.40 that translated that there was no change in both. The level of depression of the control group subjects from posttest to baseline had no change in the experiment. The result gave a strong support for the findings and validity something that was expected. These findings indicated that the empowerment program developed a decrease in the depression scores for the experimental group.
$15. According to the results, the experimental group’s empowerment posttest scores gave the smallest amount of dispersion or variability. This was indicated by the smallest SD of 7.28.
$16. The self care self efficacy variable and empowerment variable provided the greatest dispersion. This was evidenced by the largest SD of 14.88.
$17. The mean (X) is a measure ofcentral tendencyof a distribution while SD is a measure ofdispersionof its scores. Both X and SD are descriptivestatistics.
$18. In the relevant study results, the mean severity score was recorded as 6.74 for renal disease. For the dispersion score of the renal disease, scores were recorded as SD = 2.97 having a severity range of 0-10. These results did not develop a significance difference for the renal disease severity scores for the two groups. Research subjects were similar for the demographic used in the study and did not develop any difference. The difference was developed on the treatment method and not by the groups that were used throughout the study.
$19. In this study, there were some variables that were affected by the program. Average depression scores and mean scores had the least change compared to the baseline values. The mean score for self care self efficacy scales and empowerment was lower as compared to that of depression scale. The depression scale score had 0.64 points, and 6.64 and 6.44 for empowerment and self care self efficacy respectively.
$110. It was not necessary simply because the function of the table was to describe the study variables for the experimental and control groups. The SDs and total means does not help determine sample size for the future thus they were not relevant in the table.
Reference:
Tsay, S. L. & Hung, L. O. (2004). Empowerment of patients with end-stage renal disease: A randomized controlled trial. International journal of nursing studies, 41(1), 59-65
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